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- $Title{Cirrhosis of the Liver}
-
- A Medical Times Patient Education Chart
- (C) Romaine Pierson Publishers, Inc.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Cirrhosis of the Liver
-
- The Indispensable Liver
-
- The liver is the body's largest organ and has many vital functions
- involving the use of food for energy. These include the production of bile to
- help digest fat, of proteins for cell growth and repair, and of enzymes needed
- to trigger internal reactions. Serving as the body's "detoxification" center,
- the liver bears the brunt of harmful chemicals, drugs, and alcohol. Even a
- few days of heavy drinking can cause a buildup of fat and water, a reversible
- condition known as fatty liver. Although the liver can repair limited damage
- from abuse and injury, continued assaults on the liver cause the formation of
- scar tissue.
-
- The Causes of Cirrhosis of the Liver
-
- More than 27,000 Americans die from cirrhosis of the liver each year. It
- is this country's third leading cause of death among those aged 25 to 59.
- Most, but by no means all, cases of cirrhosis are caused by alcohol abuse.
- Even so, most alcoholics do not develop cirrhosis, and cirrhosis can occur in
- people who are only moderate drinkers and among young children who have never
- had an alcoholic drink. These children usually lack a properly functioning
- duct to transport bile from the liver to the digestive tract.
- Bile duct obstruction can also lead to cirrhosis among adults. Other
- causes include exposure to potent insecticides and chemicals in the workplace,
- reactions to medications and other drugs, some forms of viral hepatitis and
- other diseases, and the inability of the body to properly process iron,
- copper, or sugar.
-
- Signs and Symptoms
-
- In most cases, there are no early signs of cirrhosis, and the disease may
- go undetected until it is in the advanced stages or is diagnosed in the course
- of treating another illness. As the disease establishes itself, some patients
- may experience weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and
- weight loss. Later symptoms may include abdominal pain and distension due to
- fluid build-up, itching, a foul-smelling "liver breath," jaundice or yellowing
- of the skin and whites of the eyes as the liver is unable to remove bile
- pigments, vomiting of blood, loss of hair, and nervous system disorders that
- could possibly lead to coma.
- Blood and urine samples may indicate liver function problems, but these
- tests can also produce normal results when cirrhosis is present. Liver scans
- may show abnormal uptake of test materials. The most useful tool for
- definitively establishing a diagnosis of cirrhosis and determining stage of
- disease is a needle biopsy. In this procedure, a slender needle is inserted
- into the liver and a tissue sample withdrawn for inspection under a
- microscope.
-
- The Treatment of Cirrhosis of the Liver
-
- If cirrhosis is determined to be caused by alcohol or another
- identifiable substance, the patient will of course be advised to avoid the
- cause. Those with alcoholic cirrhosis may also be advised to follow a healthy
- diet. Although viral hepatitis is not curable, experimental drugs may be
- prescribed to enhance the body's immune system and control the disease.
- Distension may be controlled by restricting salt intake and taking diuretics
- to help rid the body of excess water. Patients with cirrhosis are often less
- able to fight infection and more likely to suffer kidney problems, stomach
- ulcers, gallstones, a form of diabetes, and liver cancer.
- A drug used to treat gout is showing promise in improving survival rates
- of patients with cirrhosis. In controlled studies, patients receiving the
- drug, colchicine, had five-year survival rates of 75%, compared to 34% in the
- untreated group. After ten years, the rates were 56% and 20%.
-